Background: In low resource circumstances, non-adherence for available health services is a major cause of inefficiency in health care delivery. MHealth has been projected as a possible solution to support women during pregnancy, birth and puerperium period, to increase the uptake of essential maternal services.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of short message services (SMS) on Focused Antenatal Care (FANC) visits and the attendance of skilled birth professionals in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs).

Methods: We searched a broad body of literature from electronic databases–Cochrane review, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Google Scholar-to collect comprehensive evidence on the role of SMS on FANC visits and skilled birth attendance (SBA). We extracted data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) only. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with inverse-variance method in Review Manager (RevMan) computer software. Qualities of the included studies were determined by GRADEpro, and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool.

Results: Of the 1,224 non-duplicated articles screened, only 7 RCT studies representing 8,324 participants met eligibility criteria and included in this synthesis. On aggregate, there were statistically significant associations in experimental group in that pregnant mothers who received text messaging had a 174% increase in FANC visits (OR = 2.74 (95% CI: 1.41, 5.32) and 82% in SBA (OR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.33, 2.49). The I² test result indicated high heterogeneity I²=78% (P<.001). The overall qualities of included studies were moderate, and had low risk of bias.

Conclusions: SMS has positive effects for the uptake of FANC visits and SBA in LMICs. A short messaging service targeting pregnant woman is an invaluable, affordable intervention to improve maternal healthcare seeking behaviors.

Keywords: SMS, Focused Antenatal Care, systematic review and meta-analysis